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Cabinda Province
Cabinda (also spelled Kabinda, formerly Portuguese Congo, known locally as Tchiowa) is an exclave and province of Angola, a status that has been disputed by many political organizations in the territory. The capital city is also called Cabinda. The province is divided into four municipalities—Belize, Buco Zau, Cabinda and Landana.
Modern Cabinda is the result of a fusion of three kingdoms: N'Goyo, Loango and Kakongo. It has an area of and a population of 688,285 (2014 census). According to 1988 United States government statistics, the total population of the province was 147,200, with a near even split between total rural and urban populations.〔Collelo, Thomas (editor) (1989) ''A Country Study: Angola'' Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., (Appendix A, Table 2, Cabinda ), archived by WebCite at (http://www.webcitation.org/64tISLTxs ) on 22 January 2012〕 At one point an estimated one third of Cabindans were refugees living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo;〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.unhcr.org/422c55754.html )〕 however, after the 2007 peace agreement, refugees started returning home.〔United States State Department (11 March 2010) (''2009 Human Rights Report: Angola'' )〕
Cabinda is separated from the rest of Angola by a narrow strip of territory belonging to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which bounds the province on the south and the east. Cabinda is bounded on the north by the Republic of the Congo, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Adjacent to the coast are some of the largest offshore oil fields in the world. Petroleum exploration began in 1954 by the Cabinda Gulf Oil Company, when the territory was under Portuguese rule.〔(Cabinda, Angola ), ICE Case Studies Number 129, 2004 by Alan Neff〕 Cabinda also produces hardwoods, coffee, cacao, rubber, and palm oil products, however, petroleum production accounts for most of Cabinda's domestic product. Cabinda produces of crude oil per day. Cabinda Oil is associated with Sonangol, Agip Angola Lda (41%), Chevron (39.2%), Total (10%) and Eni (9.8%).
In 1885, the Treaty of Simulambuco established in Cabinda a protectorate of Portugal and a number of Cabindan independence movements consider the occupation of the territory by Angola illegal. While the Angolan Civil War largely ended in 2002, an armed struggle persists in the exclave of Cabinda, where some of the factions have proclaimed an independent Republic of Cabinda, with offices in Paris.
== History ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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